VOLVO
From the outset it was evident that the Swedish company that manufactures only cars, can not survive, so it was decided to launch and production trucks. Up until the late 40s. the basis of the production program consisted of different Volvo trucks.
Build started a Volvo PV444 in 1944, and its sales - in the 1947 model was a huge commercial success
The first production passenger car Volvo PV4 created in 1927 by Gustav Larson and engineer Henry Westerberg (Henry Westerberg), while Gabrielsson urged to fund the project management of SKF. The engine cylinder capacity of 1944 cm3 for the machine produced the firm Penta («Penta"), specialized in marine engines. In 1929 he was presented a series of «PV650» with 3-liter 6-cylinder engine.
In 1935 the company produced an experimental model of a streamlined «PV36 Carioca» («Carioca") with all-steel body, engine capacity of 3670 cm3 and independent front suspension. In 1939 the company produced the 2834 car. The neutrality of Sweden during the Second World War allowed it to continue. Due to lack of materials in 1942 was able to collect only 99 cars. Two years later, Volvo introduced a model of «PV444» with a monocoque body and overhead valve engine cylinder capacity of 1414 cm3, which went on sale in the 1947 Series «PV444» included a cargo car, vans, pickups and an upgraded version of the «PV544», and their production continued until 1965, and passenger and cargo, "P210" - up to 1969 all were released more than 500 thousand cars in this series. This includes sports and 67 "R1900" with glass-plastic body, built on the basis of «PV444».
Successor «PV444» designed by Ian Young Designer Vilsgaardom (Jan Wilsgaard). A series of "P120" opened in 1956 sedan model "121" with engine capacity of 1583 cm3 and 1778, established on the basis of the motor vehicle «PV544», which remained in production until 1965 this car was known as the Amazon («Amazon "), but was abandoned after a complaint filed Motorcycle company Kreidler (« Kraydler "). Thanks to the strength and quality of manufacturing Amazon is successfully performed on the racetrack and in rallies. In 1961 there was a sports coupe, "R1800" on the chassis Amazon. The design of his body began to create a company Ghia («Gia"), and finished Frua («Frua"). Due to lack of facilities for the production of bodies and after the failure of an agreement with German company Karmann («pocket"), they began to produce a Scottish firm Pressed Steel («preet Steele") and the cars themselves collect from assembly kits British Jensen («Jensen"). This agreement operated only until the beginning of 1963, when Volvo has transferred all production to Sweden.
Model «S70» 1997 successfully replaced the famous series "850". Cooperation with TWR led to the development of the "C70", which had much in common with «S70»
In 1959, with government support, the company began construction of a new plant in Torslanda, which started in 1964 the first overseas assembly plants the company has opened in Canada and Belgium. Introduced in 1966 on the chassis of a series of Amazon "140" was discontinued in 1970, together with the base model. Design elements of the series switched to the machines, "240" (1974) and were examined in the "940/960" mid-90s.
In 1972, Volvo acquired the shares of a third branch of Dutch car company DAF (DAF), increasing its share in 1975 to 75%. But by 1978, it reduced the proportion to 55%, and in 1985 - up to 30%. Another joint project was the agreement of 1971 with the French firms Peugeot («Peugeot") and Renault («Reno") to develop a 2.7-liter V6 marks «PRV», which appeared in 1974 on a new series of vehicles Volvo 260 . By 1981 in the Volvo range of interests included cars, trucks, buses, ships, aircraft engines, as well as oil exploration and shipping. In early 1982 there were awkward car series "760" with a 2.8-liter V6, six-cylinder diesel engine manufacturing Volkswagen and 4-cylinder 2.3-liter turbocharged engine. Electronic traction control company began to install a custom sports car in 1985 at the Geneva Motor Show in 1985 was presented created and built by Bertone («Burton") model of the "780 Coupe» («Compartment"). It was a two-door version of the "760", was originally designed for the U.S.. In the same year appeared passenger version of the model "760" in 1986 saw the release of "480E5" - manufactured in the Netherlands before the non-sporty hatchback with a 1.7-liter Renault.
In 1991 the company introduced, probably their best since the Amazon series cars "850." Model «850GLT» was the transverse five-cylinder engine, rear drive axle and a new system of protection in side collisions SIPS. The most outstanding car in this series was «T-5R» with a turbocharged engine with 240 hp Old plants were closed in Uddevalla and Kalmar. Manufacture of machinery series "850" was carried out in Torslanda. As a result of an agreement between Volvo and Mitsubishi («Mitsubishi") at the plant in Born, Netherlands, produced a model «S40» platform Carisma («Charisma"). Cooperation with the firm TWR led to the release in 1996, coupe and cabriolet, "C70", which was collected at the new plant AutoNova («AytoNova") in Uddevalla. Then, instead of a series of "850" cars appeared «S70» and «V70». In 1998 came the turn of «S80».
Volvo P120 («Volvo P120"), 1956-1970
Amazon model debuted in September 1956 in Stockholm under the symbol "R121/R122." It was the first four-door sedan Volvo, which was produced in large quantities. His body had a supporting structure. The engine of the model, "V16A" (1.6 liter, 60 hp). Design Department has developed a new style, led by Ian Vilsgaardom. Although the car and looked like the widespread American samples, it was not as pronounced. Many thought it more elegant. New cars are painted in two colors. The name Amazon left only for the domestic market, as a German manufacturer of mopeds and motorcycles Kreidler sued. Outside of Sweden, a new series called, depending on the performance of "120", "121" or "122."
Already in the mid 50s. Volvo has paid great attention to passive safety, providing the cars seat belt anchorage points in the front seat. Facing the instrument panel and sun visors are made of soft materials. In 1959, "P120" is the first production car in the standard equipment that included seat belts 3-point mount. Complete car tubeless tires Firestone («Firestone"), the size of 5.90x15. In August 1961 a series of "P120" began to establish the famous engine "B18" (75 hp), as well as its sports version «B18D» with two carburetors. In the same year she made her debut in the U.S. market model Volvo 122S, a well-known as the Amazon Sport, which laid the foundation for future success in the U.S.. In 1962 the series expanded at the expense of cargo-passenger model, "P220" with a practical rear door, consisting of two valves.
Gradually, the car appeared disc front brakes with a wide range of adjustments to the seat (which takes into account the shape of the structure of the human body) and dual-circuit brake system with a separate drive. Before the end of production of these cars have appeared on the backs of headrests front seat.
In 1970, the most massive model, Volvo has become less attractive, "140", and production of vehicles Amazon was discontinued after rolled off the last of 667,323 copies in the series. All of them are practical, reliable and easy maintenance. About 60% of the Amazon company exported.
The classic family car, "P120" is the first place large-scale four-door sedan Volvo
Feature (Volvo 122S)
Engine: P4
Bore and Stroke: 79,4 x80 mm
Displacement: 1583 cm3
Transmission: 4-speed manual
Suspension: front independent on the helical springs
VoIvo P1800 («Volvo R1800"), 1961-1971
Volvo P1800 sports coupe had a reputation as an attractive and at the same time reliable and quality car. First introduced in Brussels in 1960 two-door car has a new engine Volvo B18B. The first time for her body produced in 150 pieces in a week Pressed Steel Company of the Scottish city of Lynwood, and Jensen led the assembly in the English West Brom, who used parts of British firm Lucas («Lucas") - Electric, Smiths («Smith") - devices, Girling («Girling") - the brakes. Because of Jensen had to deal with a serious body refinement produced, the production model had to be transferred to the Goethe-Borg. The index of all the "Swedish" cars have additional letter «S».
On the "R1800" installed engine capacity of 1780 cm3 with two carburetors and polished rocker cover. Reasonable pressing on the accelerator led to the rear wheels skid on a wet road, providing a predictable behavior of the car when cornering.
To finish the car, "R1800", used plastic, which is combined with upholstered in red leather seats and black dashboard. The short gear lever placed on the center console. Installed on the dashboard switch overdrive transmission (available only in versions for Sweden), on both sides of which were located two-speed switch fan and wiper with smyvatelem, headlight switches, and starter, ignition switch. The switch beam was on the floor. In addition, there was a slot for the radio, clock and fuel gauge and oil pressure. Just before the driver placed speedometer and tachometer. Inside, there were internal lighting diffusers, lamp to illuminate the road map, levers control ventilation and heating system. The size of the trunk was enough for two passengers of things, besides the seat backs for extra space was for a small load. "R1800" released in the sport wagon version. He repeated, such British cars like Reliant Scimitar GTE («Rilayent Sea miter GTE») and the Jensen-Healey GT («Jensen-Healey GT»). Classic family car, "P120" is the first place large-scale four-door sedan Volvo
Feature (Volvo 122S)
Engine: P4
Bore and Stroke: 79,4 x80 mm
Displacement: 1583 cm3
Transmission: 4-speed manual
Suspension: front independent on the helical springs
VoIvo P1800 («Volvo R1800"), 1961-1971
Volvo P1800 sports coupe had a reputation as an attractive and at the same time reliable and quality car. First introduced in Brussels in 1960 two-door car has a new engine Volvo B18B. The first time for her body produced in 150 pieces in a week Pressed Steel Company of the Scottish city of Lynwood, and Jensen led the assembly in the English West Brom, who used parts of British firm Lucas («Lucas") - Electric, Smiths («Smith") - devices, Girling («Girling") - the brakes. Because of Jensen had to deal with a serious body refinement produced, the production model had to be transferred to the Goethe-Borg. The index of all the "Swedish" cars have additional letter «S».
On the "R1800" installed engine capacity of 1780 cm3 with two carburetors and polished rocker cover. Reasonable pressing on the accelerator led to the rear wheels skid on a wet road, providing a predictable behavior of the car when cornering.
To finish the car, "R1800", used plastic, which is combined with upholstered in red leather seats and black dashboard. The short gear lever placed on the center console. Installed on the dashboard switch overdrive transmission (available only in versions for Sweden), on both sides of which were located two-speed switch fan and wiper with smyvatelem, headlight switches, and starter, ignition switch. The switch beam was on the floor. In addition, there was a slot for the radio, clock and fuel gauge and oil pressure. Just before the driver placed speedometer and tachometer. Inside, there were internal lighting diffusers, lamp to illuminate the road map, levers control ventilation and heating system. The size of the trunk was enough for two passengers of things, besides the seat backs for extra space was for a small load. "R1800" released in the sport wagon version. He repeated, such British cars like Reliant Scimitar GTE («Rilayent Sea miter GTE») and the Jensen-Healey GT («Jensen-Healey GT»).
An early version of the model Volvo P1800
Characterization
Engine: P4, overhead valve, 100 hp
Bore and Stroke: 84x80 mm
Displacement: 1780 cm3
Compression ratio: 9.5
Transmission: 4-speed
Suspension: the helical springs, front independent, rear axle
Brakes: disc / drum
Tires: Pirelli Cinturato 165x15 on steel disc wheels
Volvo 850 ("Volvo 850"), 1991-1996
In June 1991 the company introduced a car «850GLT» with a transverse in-line five-cylinder engine, semi-independent rear suspension and a built-in side-impact protection-SIPS (Side Impact Protection System). With the modified lines of the body "850" was unmistakably recognizable as a product company Volvo. It did not give him special advantages in an economic downturn in Europe and increased competition in the U.S.. The following summer, the company launched the model «850GLE», in February 1993, cargo-passenger "850 Estate» («Estate") with retractable protective net for the folding rear seat center armrest which could serve as a small child seat. The most noticeable external feature "850 Estate» blocks were vertical taillights. In August of 1993 appeared "850 Turbo» («Turbo") with the most powerful at the time the engine, which developed 225 hp with a maximum torque of 300 Nm at 2000 r / min.
While the company once again began to participate in competitions. The successes of the model "240T" mid-80s. European Championship of tourist vehicles continued in the British Touring Car Championship (VTSS), a couple of cars in 1994 "850 Estate», prepared by the British firm TWR. The following year made the Volvo 850 sedan TWR took third place in the VTSS. In 1997, TWR took a more compact model «S40», which is managed by Rydell (Rydell) won the championship in 1998
Owner Tom Uokinshou TWR (Tom Walkinshaw) was a huge experience of personal involvement in racing. He won the European Championship of tourist vehicles on the Jaguar XJ-S («Jaguar") in 1984, prepared by TWR sports prototype Jaguar XJR won the world championship title in 1987, 1988 and 1991., Twice won the 24-hour race Le Mans and Daytona. Uokinshou made an effort to win the team Benetton («Benetton") Formula 1 Constructors Cup in 1994-95., Has acquired "stable" F1 Ligier («Ligier") in 1995, and a controlling stake in the team Arrows («Arrows") in 1996 In addition, the firm in 1992, produced at its plant in Blokskheme supercars Jaguar XJ220, and in 1993 created a model of the Aston Martin DB7 («Aston Martin"). She has collaborated with the Australian branch of the concern General Motors («General Motors"). For Volvo in a joint project company since 1995 been making convertibles and coupes, "C70" on a specially constructed for this plant in Udevalla.
The racing crew of e Rydell and Bart at the stage of the British Touring Car Championship at Snetterton in 1996. This was the last performance of the model "850" in the competition. In 1997 she was replaced by a new car «S40», a year later won the championship
Feature (Volvo 850 VTSS)
Engine: P5, two camshafts, 4 valves per cylinder
Bore and stroke: 83x73, 9 mm
Displacement: 1999 cm3
Maximum Power: 290 hp
Transmission: 6-speed manual
Chassis: on the carrier body 4-door version of the company TWR, with a safety cage
Suspension: front independent strut on the company TWR McPherson type, rear semi-independent in the helical springs
Brakes: ventilated disc, the lining of the carbon fiber
Volvo C70 («Volvo C70") from 1997
This car is in version Coupe debuted at the Paris Motor Show in autumn 1996, a year later appeared variant Convertible («Con-vertibl") with a cabriolet. This was a joint project with the company TWR. Vehicles produced at the plant in AutoNova Udevalla. Conceptually, "C70" looked like made Bertone («Burton") coupe "262S" (1977). More importantly, this model Volvo began to compete with Mercedes-Benz CLK («Mercedes-Benz").
"C70 Coupe» packaged with a transverse 5-cylinder turbocharged engine and a 5-stu-step mechanical or 4-speed automatic transmission. You can choose from two versions of the engine working volume: 2.3 liter (240 hp, 330 Nm) and 2.5 liter (193 hp, 270 Nm) with a lower boost pressure. Refine the chassis and suspension also was carried out by TWR, which improved handling and driving stability. Provides three types of suspension settings, including the option of low-level body. Coupe was a sportier character, but was more comfortable convertible. For all cars offered with bore diameter wheels 16.17 or 18 inches.
All systems and safety devices «S70» survived the "C70". Convertible has a proprietary system ROPS, which included a strong arc (it is automatically climbed behind the rear seats in case of overturning). Security Functions fulfill the A-pillars and windshield frame. Convertible soft top is raised and lowered by electric only for 30 seconds.
The interior using wood, aluminum, natural leather and fabric. The car as standard has a sophisticated sound system with 13 speakers. For the first time in the world on it was used a sound system Dolby Surround ProLogic («Dolby Seraund ProLodzhik"). The main markets for the "C70" are North America, Germany, Italy, UK and Japan. In 2001, the range of available power units for these models consists of three turbocharged gasoline engines rated 163, 193 and 240 hp
"C70" was one of the most interesting appearance in the history of car company Volvo (which took over and convertible). With its appearance in 1997, he received rave reviews the world automotive press
Characteristics (T5)
Engine: P5
Displacement: 2.3 liters
Transmission: 5-speed manual
Suspension: independent, MacPherson strut front to the back to the helical springs
Brakes: disc
Wheels: 17-inch alloy
Chassis: on the carrier body 2-door
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